Did you know that you use backward induction almost every day without even realizing it? Whether it’s planning a trip, deciding how to approach a conversation, or even figuring out how to complete your tasks efficiently, you’re intuitively working backwards from your desired outcome. Despite being a core concept in economics and game theory, backward induction is something we all naturally employ. However, its technical label and association with complex theories often make it seem intimidating. Backward induction, at its core, is a method of reasoning backwards from the end goal to determine the best strategy at each step. In game theory, it’s used to solve sequential decision-making problems by analyzing each possible choice starting from the final move and moving toward the first. But you don’t need to be…

Women have always been the backbone of societies, economies, and families, often working behind the scenes to drive economic growth, sustain communities, and nurture families. From farming and entrepreneurship to caregiving and household management, women’s contributions are integral to the functioning of both the formal and informal economies. However, despite their vital roles, women’s participation in the labour force has historically been undervalued and underreported, often leaving their economic contributions invisible. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need to empower women economically and address the gender disparities that persist in the workforce. As India continues its journey toward greater gender equality, understanding the dynamics of female labour force participation and the challenges women face is essential. India’s female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) has seen…